Why is my baby this way? How did it happen? What is the future going to look like? These are questions you no doubt have and need answers to.

Not all birth injuries are preventable, but some are. Some potentially damaging scenarios can be identified before injury is caused and thereby prevented or the damage reduced. How your child reacts, adjusts and recovers is also variable. We have provided you with some resources you can consult to start learning about your child’s injury, it’s cause and what to expect in the future.

Brachial Plexus Injury

The brachial plexus is a network of nerves that send signals from the spine to the arms, shoulder and hands. If these nerves are stretched, compressed or ripped from the spinal cor...

The brachial plexus is a network of nerves that send signals from the spine to the arms, shoulder and hands. If these nerves are stretched, compressed or ripped from the spinal cord, it results in a brachial plexus injury. This leaves the injured person with numbness, weakness or a burning sensation in minor cases, or unable to use the arm and severe pain in extreme cases.

How can it occur from birth injury?

Babies can suffer a brachial plexus injury if there is a prolonged labour or a breech situation. If your baby's shoulder is wedged in the birth canal during labour, the nerves could be stretched and injured. If just the upper nerves are damaged, this could lead to Erb's Palsy.

This could happen if

  • You had a prolonged labour
  • You had a breech birth
  • Your baby's shoulder is wedged in the birth canal during labour

So what now?

If you think for any reason that your child could have a brachial plexus injury as a result of a birth injury, you can learn more by visiting our Take Action page to find out the next steps.
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Bruising

It’s not uncommon for babies to show bruising after birth. Coming through the birth canal can be a bit of squeeze through the pelvic bone....

It’s not uncommon for babies to show bruising after birth. Coming through the birth canal can be a bit of squeeze through the pelvic bone.

How can it occur from birth injury?

Babies can also have bruising from forceps or vacuum delivery around the head. They should go away shortly, but if they continue to swell your baby could have caput succedaneum. Please see this section to learn more.

This could happen if

  • Forceps or vacuum was used during delivery

So what now?

If you think your baby had unnecessary bruising that could have been prevented, you can learn more by visiting our Take Action page to find out the next steps.
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Caput Succedaneum

Caput succedaneum is when there is swelling underneath the skin of your baby’s scalp shortly after delivery. It usually happens when there is pressure on the baby’s head during...

Caput succedaneum is when there is swelling underneath the skin of your baby’s scalp shortly after delivery. It usually happens when there is pressure on the baby’s head during delivery, but should go away without any problems and be gone after a few days.

How can it occur from birth injury?

If delivery was long and difficult, forceps or a vacuum may have been used during delivery to cause the caput succedaneum. If this is the case, there may be some more serious risks to your baby as too much force may have been used during delivery.

This could happen if

  • Your delivery was long and/or difficult
  • Forceps or a vacuum was used during delivery

So what now?

If you think for any reason that your child could have caput succedaneum as a result of a birth injury, you can learn more by visiting our Take Action page to find out the next steps.
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Cephalohematoma

Cephalohematoma happens when blood collects in the lining around the skull. However, the blood cannot move across the midline of the skull, so it collects and creates a bulge on ei...

Cephalohematoma happens when blood collects in the lining around the skull. However, the blood cannot move across the midline of the skull, so it collects and creates a bulge on either side of the head. Babies with cephalohematoma are at an increased risk of jaundice, and should also be monitored to look for skull fractures if forceps were used during delivery. It could also be a sign of head trauma, which can cause a variety of issues such as developmental delays.

How can it occur from birth injury?

There are a few risk factors for a baby having cephalohematoma after birth. If the mother has a prolonged labour, your baby's head is bigger than the mother's pelvic bone, or forceps or vacuum were used during delivery, these could all be causes of cephalohematoma.

This could happen if

  • You had a prolonged labour
  • Your baby's head is bigger than the mother's pelvic bone
  • Forceps or vacuum were used during delivery

So what now?

If you think for any reason that your child could have a cephalohematoma as a result of a birth injury, you can learn more by visiting our Take Action page to find out the next steps.
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Cerebral Palsy

Cerebral Palsy is caused by damage to the brain, usually before, during or after birth. This damage leads to partial or complete muscle paralysis. The effects vary widely between t...

Cerebral Palsy is caused by damage to the brain, usually before, during or after birth. This damage leads to partial or complete muscle paralysis. The effects vary widely between those that have

How can it occur from birth injury?

Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is what the baby will be diagnosed with at the time of birth and CP is the resulting condition. If your baby didn't have enough oxygen, or blood vessels ruptured during birth, this could be a sign that their cerebral palsy was due to a birth injury. It can also happen soon after birth if your baby had an infection, head trauma, or trouble breathing. All of this could cause damage to the brain.

This could happen if

  • Your baby had an infection
  • Your baby had head trauma
  • Your baby has trouble breathing

So what now?

If you think for any reason that your child could have Cerebral Palsy as a result of a birth injury, you can learn more by visiting our Take Action page to find out the next steps.
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Cortical Blindness

Cortical blindness happens when the part of the brain that processes visual information is damaged. While those that have cortical blindness are not technically "blind," the way ea...

Cortical blindness happens when the part of the brain that processes visual information is damaged. While those that have cortical blindness are not technically "blind," the way each person is affected can differ. They may be able to see one object one day, and not the next. Their peripheral vision may be better, or one eye may work better than the other. While it can improve over time, most will not regain full visual capabilities.

How can it occur from birth injury?

Cortical blindness usually isn't alone. If your baby had a lack of oxygen during birth, this is a likely culprit of their cortical blindness. It is often hard to diagnose because it is partnered with other symptoms such as cerebral palsy or developmental disorders.

So what now?

If you think for any reason that your child could have a cortical blindness as a result of a birth injury, you can learn more by visiting our Take Action page to find out the next steps.
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Deformities

A birth defect or deformity usually happens during the first three months of pregnancy, and can be from a number of causes. They can range from minor where no intervention is neede...

A birth defect or deformity usually happens during the first three months of pregnancy, and can be from a number of causes. They can range from minor where no intervention is needed, to severe where the baby is missing a limb or has a serious heart condition.

How can it occur from birth injury?

Some birth defects can be prevented. If a mother doesn’t get enough folic acid, her baby could be at risk of a birth defect. As well, certain medications can cause birth defects. In either case, a mother’s physician should let her know if her baby is at risk of a birth defect.

This could happen if

  • The mother had a lack of folic acid
  • The mother was on certain medications during pregnancy

So what now?

If you think for any reason that your child could have a birth deformity or defect as a result of a birth injury, you can learn more by visiting our Take Action page to find out the next steps.
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Developmental Delays

A developmental delay is when your baby or child doesn’t reach their developmental milestones at the expected time. They could have problems with language, speech, vision, motion...

A developmental delay is when your baby or child doesn’t reach their developmental milestones at the expected time. They could have problems with language, speech, vision, motion, social skills or thinking.

How can it occur from birth injury?

Developmental delays can happen if there is a difficult pregnancy or birth, untreated jaundice, low birthweight, prematurity, or infections either in the mother during pregnancy or baby shortly after birth.

This could happen if

  • You had a difficult pregnancy or birth
  • Your baby has untreated jaundice
  • Your baby had a low birthweight
  • Your baby was premature
  • The mother had an infection during pregnancy
  • Your baby had an infection shortly after birth

So what now?

If you think for any reason that your child could be developmental delayed as a result of a birth injury, you can learn more by visiting our Take Action page to find out the next steps.
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Erb’s Palsy

Erb's palsy is when the nerves in the neck are damaged, which provides movement in the shoulder and arm. If those nerves are damaged, it causes weakness in the arm and loss of moti...

Erb's palsy is when the nerves in the neck are damaged, which provides movement in the shoulder and arm. If those nerves are damaged, it causes weakness in the arm and loss of motion.

How can it occur from birth injury?

Erb's palsy usually occurs in newborns when the neck is stretched during a difficult delivery. This could happen if your baby is big, a breech birth, or a long labour. It can also happen if the birth becomes complicated, thereby rushing the delivery and using force to pull out your baby.

This could happen if

  • Your baby is big
  • You had a breech birth
  • You had a long labour
  • The birth was complicated and rushed
  • Force was used to pull out your baby

So what now?

If you think for any reason that your child could have Erb's palsy as a result of a birth injury, you can learn more by visiting our Take Action page to find out the next steps.
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Excessive Crying

First off: babies cry. A lot. It reaches its peak around six to eight weeks, but they will still be crying. However, there is excessive crying. If your baby doesn’t seem to be ab...

First off: babies cry. A lot. It reaches its peak around six to eight weeks, but they will still be crying. However, there is excessive crying. If your baby doesn’t seem to be able to stop crying, there could be an as of yet undiagnosed problem that needs to be addressed. This could include anything from a urinary tract infection, to brain damage.

How can it occur from birth injury?

If there was too much pressure on your baby’s head, forceps or vacuum were used, or trauma during a difficult delivery, these could be signs of a brain injury during birth. This could be the cause of excessive crying from your baby, and he or she should show other symptoms as well such as difficulty eating or developmental delays.

This could happen if

  • Forceps or a vacuum was used during delivery
  • You had a difficult delivery

So what now?

If you think for any reason that your child’s excessive crying could be as a result of a birth injury, you can learn more by visiting our Take Action page to find out the next steps.
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Extreme Sleepiness

Extreme sleepiness or fatigue is pretty much just as it sounds. If your baby is always tired both physically and mentally, they may have fatigue. This can be a sign of larger probl...

Extreme sleepiness or fatigue is pretty much just as it sounds. If your baby is always tired both physically and mentally, they may have fatigue. This can be a sign of larger problems such as brain injuries.

How can it occur from birth injury?

Fatigue can be a sign of a traumatic brain injury during birth that wasn’t addressed at the time of delivery. If there was too much pressure on your baby’s head, a lack of oxygen or blood flow to the brain, these could lead to a traumatic brain injury.

So what now?

If you think for any reason that your child’s extreme sleepiness could be as a result of a birth injury, you can learn more by visiting our Take Action page to find out the next steps.
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Facial Paralysis

Facial paralysis causes the face to be weak, paralyzed or have involuntary movement. It can be difficult to close the mouth or eyes, and the face will look drooped on the affected ...

Facial paralysis causes the face to be weak, paralyzed or have involuntary movement. It can be difficult to close the mouth or eyes, and the face will look drooped on the affected side.

How can it occur from birth injury?

If there was pressure on the seventh cranial nerve in your baby's face during or right after birth, this can cause facial paralysis. There isn't a direct cause, but it could happen if your baby was large, labour or pregnancy was long, or medication to cause labour and strong contractions was used.

This could happen if

  • Your baby was large
  • Your labour or pregnancy was long
  • Medication to cause labour and strong contractions was used

So what now?

If you think your child could have a facial paralysis as a result of a birth injury, you can learn more by visiting our Take Action page to find out the next steps.
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Folic Acid Disorder

Folic acid is an important part in the development of your baby as it helps grow and protect the cells in your body. Without enough folic acid, your baby is at risk for some very s...

Folic acid is an important part in the development of your baby as it helps grow and protect the cells in your body. Without enough folic acid, your baby is at risk for some very serious defects. They include neural tube defect, where the neural tube that connects the brain and spine doesn't close properly. This can lead to serious spinal problems such as the spine sticking out of part of the back, absence of part of the brain, or part of the brain grows outside the skull. It can also lead to premature births and miscarriage, cleft lips and heart defects.

How can it occur from birth injury?

Birth defects because of low folic acid should be preventable if doctors are providing enough information to their patients. Your baby should be supported with vitamins that your doctor recommends, and folic acid should be on that list. This should be done before a folic acid disorder is even discovered.

So what now?

If you think for any reason that your child could have suffered a folic acid disorder, you can learn more by visiting our Take Action page to find out the next steps.
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Fractures

The most common fracture or break that can happen during birth is your baby breaking its clavicle. Usually doctors will care for the injury just like any other broken bone. However...

The most common fracture or break that can happen during birth is your baby breaking its clavicle. Usually doctors will care for the injury just like any other broken bone. However, skull fractures can also occur though they are rare. The fracture can appear as a swollen part of the head around the break, or a depression in your baby’s skull.

How can it occur from birth injury?

Skull fractures usually happen because of a difficult delivery, or when forceps were used. It’s important that parents and doctors are proactive over their baby’s broken bones as baby bones don’t heal as quickly as adult ones.

This could happen if

  • You had a difficult delivery
  • Forceps were used during delivery

So what now?

If you think for any reason that your baby had a fracture that could have been prevented, you can learn more by visiting our Take Action page to find out the next steps.
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Infant Brain Injury

An infant brain injury can create a number of symptoms, and come from a variety of causes -- even from birth. But as they're a newborn, they can't exactly describe their symptoms, ...

An infant brain injury can create a number of symptoms, and come from a variety of causes -- even from birth. But as they're a newborn, they can't exactly describe their symptoms, but there are some signs.

How can it occur from birth injury?

When babies are born, their heads are soft and still developing. So if anything happens to that vulnerable little head, the result could be a traumatic brain injury. Your baby's head may have twisted during birth, causing damage to the cells in your baby's brain. If there was anything that knocked their head, or if swelling in your baby's brain wasn't addressed, this also could have caused a traumatic injury.

This could happen if

  • Your child has sudden changes in sleeping
  • Your child has sudden changes in eating
  • Your child has sudden changes in paying attention
  • Your child has a loss of interest in their favourite toys
  • Your child is sad or depressed
  • Your child is constantly crying

So what now?

If you think for any reason that your child could have suffered from a head injury at birth, you can learn more by visiting our Take Action page to find out the next steps.
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Meconium Aspiration

Meconium aspiration is when your baby breathes in amniotic fluid that contains your baby's first stool (called meconium). That stool can block small airways and prevent your baby's...

Meconium aspiration is when your baby breathes in amniotic fluid that contains your baby's first stool (called meconium). That stool can block small airways and prevent your baby's ability to breathe. Your baby could shows signs of rapid breathing, grunting, blue or yellow colouring, or their chest may be pushed out due to trapped air. If it continues, meconium aspiration can cause infection and lead to pneumonia, and in some cases death.

How can it occur from birth injury?

Meconium aspiration usually happens because of fetal stress. If your baby's umbilical cord is compressed, has an infection, or has had a difficult birth, it may cause them to gasp in air too early during delivery. This brings the meconium stool into your baby's lungs.

This could happen if

  • Your baby's umbilical cord is compressed
  • Your baby has an infection
  • You had a difficult birth

So what now?

If you think for any reason that your child could have a meconium aspiration as a result of a birth injury, you can learn more by visiting our Take Action page to find out the next steps.
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Paralysis

Paralysis is the loss of the ability to move or loss of feeling in one or more muscles. It usually happens because of damage to the nerves in the muscle, or damage to the spinal co...

Paralysis is the loss of the ability to move or loss of feeling in one or more muscles. It usually happens because of damage to the nerves in the muscle, or damage to the spinal cord or brain, which controls the movement of muscles.

How can it occur from birth injury?

There are multiple ways a baby could have been paralyzed during birth, but each depends on the type of paralysis they have. But if the baby’s spine was damaged during delivery, this could be a reason for your baby’s paralysis.

So what now?

If you think for any reason that your child could have been paralyzed as a result of a birth injury, you can learn more by visiting our Take Action page to find out the next steps.
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Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of the Newborn (PPHN)

Persistent pulmonary hypertension happens when your baby doesn't have normal blood circulation during and after birth. Whereas your baby was breathing through the placenta during b...

Persistent pulmonary hypertension happens when your baby doesn't have normal blood circulation during and after birth. Whereas your baby was breathing through the placenta during birth and have blood pumping to the lungs, at birth they should breathe normally and those blood vessels should close. But if your baby's circulation isn't normal, their blood won't get enough oxygen to the brain and organs.

How can it occur from birth injury?

If your baby doesn't get enough oxygen, or has an infection during the birthing process, the mother used certain depression medication, had pneumonia or a congenital condition, this could be a reason your baby had PPHN.

This could happen if

  • Your baby doesn't get enough oxygen during the birthing process
  • Your baby has an infection during the birthing process
  • You used certain depression medications during pregnancy
  • You had pneumonia or a congenital condition during pregnancy

So what now?

If you think for any reason that your child could have a persistent pulmonary hypertension as a result of a birth injury, you can learn more by visiting our Take Action page to find out the next steps.
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Poor Muscle Control

If your baby is either unable to move certain muscles, or has random, exaggerated movements, he or she may have poor muscle control. They may also have difficulty breathing, and no...

If your baby is either unable to move certain muscles, or has random, exaggerated movements, he or she may have poor muscle control. They may also have difficulty breathing, and not be able to control their blinking. They can be minor issues, or signs of more serious disorders such as cerebral palsy.

How can it occur from birth injury?

There are a few ways that poor muscle control can be as a result of a birth injury. If your baby’s spine or brain was damaged during birth, the nerves may have been damaged as well, causing them to be unable to control their muscles. Another possibility is your baby didn’t have enough oxygen during birth. This can cause your brain to move what oxygen there is to the organs instead of the muscles, causing damage to the pathways that would send signals to your baby’s muscles.

So what now?

If you think for any reason that your child’s poor muscle control could be as a result of a birth injury, you can learn more by visiting our Take Action page to find out the next steps.
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Retinopathy

Retinopathy is a complication that affects the eyes when a baby is born too early. The vessels in your baby’s eyes may not have developed yet, or grown abnormally, and cause blee...

Retinopathy is a complication that affects the eyes when a baby is born too early. The vessels in your baby’s eyes may not have developed yet, or grown abnormally, and cause bleeding into the eye. Scar tissue can then develop and cause the retina to detach. In severe cases, this can cause blindness.

How can it occur from birth injury?

If your baby was born prematurely, they will need oxygen to help in their development. But if too much oxygen is used, it can cause the baby’s eyes to grow abnormally. All babies born prematurely should be screened to see if they are at risk of retinopathy. If your baby shows signs of abnormal eye movements, crossed eyes, severe nearsightedness or white-looking pupils, they could be at risk of retinopathy.

This could happen if

  • Your baby was born prematurely
  • Your baby has abnormal eye movements
  • Your baby has crossed eyes
  • Your baby has severe nearsightedness
  • Your baby has white-looking pupils

So what now?

If you think for any reason that your child could have retinopathy as a result of a birth injury, you can learn more by visiting our Take Action page to find out the next steps.
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Shoulder Dystocia

Shoulder dystocia happens when your baby's shoulder gets caught behind your pelvic bone during birth. Your doctor or midwife should act fast to make sure your baby gets enough oxyg...

Shoulder dystocia happens when your baby's shoulder gets caught behind your pelvic bone during birth. Your doctor or midwife should act fast to make sure your baby gets enough oxygen and is born quickly, and in rare cases could lead to a cesarean section. If your baby's shoulder is stretched too much, there could be lasting nerve damage in their shoulder.

How can it occur from birth injury?

Shoulder dystocia can happen if your pelvis is too small, your baby is too big, or your baby isn't in the proper position. There isn't much doctors can do to predict shoulder dystocia, but need to be prepared if it happens.

This could happen if

  • Your pelvis is too small
  • Your baby is too big
  • Your baby isn't in the proper position

So what now?

If your child had shoulder dystocia at birth, you can learn more by visiting our Take Action page to find out the next steps.
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Untreated Jaundice

While jaundice is a common occurrence in newborn babies, there are instances of severe cases. If your baby's liver hasn't fully developed to break down red blood cells and release ...

While jaundice is a common occurrence in newborn babies, there are instances of severe cases. If your baby's liver hasn't fully developed to break down red blood cells and release bilirubin, excess bilirubin can build up and, left untreated, can cause brain damage.

How can it occur from birth injury?

Seeing the signs and symptoms of jaundice is what can lead to severe cases. Jaundice can appear within two to three days after birth, so your baby may not show any symptoms if you are let out of the hospital before this time.

This could happen if

  • Your baby's skin is yellowing
  • You have difficulty waking your baby
  • Your baby has a high-pitched cry
  • You are unable to feed your baby
  • Your baby has backward arching of the neck or body
  • Your baby has a fever and is vomiting

So what now?

If you think for any reason that your child could have a suffered untreated jaundice, you can learn more by visiting our Take Action page to find out the next steps.
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